What does a student learn in StateVirginia,GradeGrade 5,SubjectScience?

The student will demonstrate an understanding of scientific and engineering practices by

asking questions and defining problems

ask testable questions based on observations and predict reasonable outcomes based on patterns

develop hypotheses as cause-and-effect relationship

define design problems that can be solved through the development of an object, tool, process, or system

planning and carrying out investigations

collaboratively plan and conduct investigations to produce data

identify independent variable, dependent variables, and constants

determine data that should be collected to answer a testable question

take¬ metric measurements using appropriate tools

use tools and/or materials to design and/or build a device that solves a specific problem

interpreting, analyzing, and evaluating data

represent and analyze data using tables and graphs

organize simple data sets to reveal patterns that suggest relationships

compare and contrast data collected by different groups and discuss similarities and differences in their findings

use data to evaluate and refine design solutions

constructing and critiquing conclusions and explanations

construct and/or support arguments with evidence, data, and/or a model

describe how scientific ideas apply to design solutions

generate and compare multiple solutions to problems based on how well they meet the criteria and constraints

developing and using models

develop models using an analogy, example, or abstract representation to describe a scientific principle or design solution

identify limitations of models

obtaining, evaluating, and communicating information

read and comprehend reading-level-appropriate texts and/or other reliable media

communicate scientific information, design ideas, and/or solutions with others

The student will investigate and understand that energy can take many forms. Key ideas include

energy is the ability to do work or to cause change;

there are many different forms of energy;

energy can be transformed; and

energy is conserved.

The student will investigate and understand that there is a relationship between force and energy of moving objects. Key ideas include

moving objects have kinetic energy;

motion is described by an object's direction and speed;

changes in motion are related to net force and mass;

when objects collide, the contact forces transfer energy and can change objects' motion; and

friction is a force that opposes motion.

The student will investigate and understand that electricity is transmitted and used in daily life. Key ideas include

electricity flows easily through conductors but not insulators;

electricity flows through closed circuits;

static electricity can be generated by rubbing certain materials together;

electrical energy can be transformed into radiant, mechanical, and thermal energy; and

a current flowing through a wire creates a magnetic field.

The student will investigate and understand that sound can be produced and transmitted. Key ideas include

sound is produced when an object or substance vibrates;

sound is the transfer of energy;

different media transmit sound differently; and

sound waves have many uses and applications.

The student will investigate and understand that visible light has certain characteristics and behaves in predictable ways. Key ideas include

visible light is radiant energy that moves in transverse waves;

the visible spectrum includes light with different wavelengths;

matter influences the path of light; and

radiant energy can be transformed into thermal, mechanical, and electrical energy.

The student will investigate and understand that matter has properties and interactions. Key ideas include

matter is composed of atoms;

substances can be mixed together without changes in their physical properties; and

energy has an effect on the phases of matter.

The student will investigate and understand that Earth constantly changes. Key ideas include

Earth's internal energy causes movement of material within the Earth;

plate tectonics describe movement of the crust;

the rock cycle models the transformation of rocks;

processes such as weathering, erosion, and deposition change the surface of the Earth; and

fossils and geologic patterns provide evidence of Earth's change.

The student will investigate and understand that the conservation of energy resources is important. Key ideas include

some sources of energy are considered renewable and others are not;

individuals and communities have means of conserving both energy and matter; and

advances in technology improve the ability to transfer and transform energy.