What does a student learn in StateWest Virginia,GradeGrade 12,SubjectEnglish Language Arts?

Cite strong and thorough textual evidence to support analysis of what the literary text says explicitly as well as inferences drawn from the text and a variety of other sources, including determining where and why the literary text leaves matters uncertain.

Determine two or more themes or central ideas of a literary text and analyze their development over the course of the text, including how they interact and build on one another to produce a complex account; provide an objective and critical analysis of the literary text.

Analyze the impact of the author's choices regarding how to develop and relate elements of a story or drama.

Cite strong and thorough textual evidence to support analysis of what the informational text says explicitly as well as inferences drawn from the text, including determining where and why the informational text leaves matters uncertain.

Determine two or more central ideas of an informational text and analyze their development over the course of the text, including how they interact and build on one another to provide a complex and critical analysis; provide an objective summary of the informational text.

Analyze a complex set of ideas or sequence of events and explain how specific individuals, ideas, or events interact and develop over the course of the informational text and media.

Determine the meaning of words and phrases as they are used in a variety of literary texts, including figurative and connotative meanings; analyze the impact of specific word choices on meaning and tone, including words with multiple meanings or language that is particularly fresh, engaging, or beautiful.

Analyze how an author's choices concerning how to structure specific parts of a literary text contribute to its overall structure and meaning as well as its aesthetic impact.

Analyze and defend a case in which grasping a point of view requires distinguishing what is directly stated in a literary text from what is really meant.

Determine the meaning of words and phrases as they are used in an informational text, including figurative, connotative, and technical meanings; analyze how and why an author uses and refines the meaning of a key term or terms over the course of an informational text.

In informational text, analyze and evaluate the effectiveness of the structure an author uses in his or her exposition or argument, including how the author uses structure to make points clear, convincing, and engaging.

Determine an author's point of view, purpose, and tone in an informational text in which the rhetoric is particularly effective, analyzing how style and content contribute to the power, persuasiveness, or beauty of the text.

Analyze multiple interpretations of a story, poem, or drama critically evaluating how each version interprets the source text.

Demonstrate a deep knowledge of eighteenth-, nineteenth-, and early-twentieth- century foundational works of American literature, including how multiple literary texts from the same period treat similar themes or topics.

Integrate, evaluate, and synthesize multiple sources of information presented in different media or formats as well as in words in order to address a question or solve a problem.

Delineate and evaluate the reasoning in influential U.S. informational texts, including the application of constitutional principles and the premises, purposes, and arguments in works of public advocacy.

Analyze seventeenth-, eighteenth-, and nineteenth-century foundational U.S. informational documents of historical and literary significance for their themes, purposes, rhetorical features, and current relevancy.

By the end of the year, read and comprehend literary texts independently and proficiently at the high end of the grades 11-12 text complexity range.

By the end of the year, read and comprehend informational texts independently and proficiently at the high end of the grades 11-12 text complexity range.

Write arguments to support claims in an analysis of substantive topics or texts, using valid reasoning and relevant and sufficient evidence.<ul><li>Introduce precise, knowledgeable claim(s); establish the significance of the claim(s); distinguish the claim(s) from alternate or opposing claims and create an organization that logically sequences claim(s), counterclaims, reasons, and evidence.</li><li>Develop and justify claim(s) and counterclaims fairly and thoroughly, supplying the most relevant evidence for each while pointing out the strengths and limitations of both in a manner that anticipates the audience's knowledge level, concerns, values, and possible biases.</li><li>Analyze words, phrases, and clauses as well as varied syntax to link the major sections of the text, create cohesion, and clarify the relationships between claim(s) and reasons, between reasons and evidence, and between claim(s) and counterclaims.</li><li>Establish and maintain a formal style and objective tone while attending to the norms and conventions of the discipline.</li><li>Provide a concluding statement or section that follows from and supports the argument presented.</li></ul>

Write informative/explanatory texts to examine and convey complex ideas, concepts, and information clearly and accurately through the effective selection, organization, and analysis of content.<ul><li>Introduce a topic; organize complex ideas, concepts, and information so that each new element builds on that which precedes it to create a unified whole; include formatting, graphics, and multimedia when useful to aid comprehension.</li><li>Evaluate the topic thoroughly by selecting the most significant and relevant facts, extended definitions, concrete details, quotations, or other information and examples appropriate to the audience's knowledge of the topic.</li><li>Use and evaluate appropriate and varied transitions and syntax to link the major sections of the text, create cohesion, and clarify the relationships among complex ideas and concepts.</li><li>Use precise language, domain-specific vocabulary, and techniques such as metaphor, simile, and analogy to manage the complexity of the topic.</li><li>Establish and maintain a formal style and objective tone while attending to the norms and conventions of the discipline.</li><li>Provide a concluding statement or section that follows from and supports the information or explanation presented.</li></ul>

Write narratives to develop real or imagined experiences or events using effective technique, well-chosen details, and well-structured event sequences.<ul><li>Engage and orient the reader by setting out a problem, situation, or observation and its significance, establishing multiple point(s) of view and introducing a narrator and/or characters; create a smooth progression of experiences or events.</li><li>Use narrative techniques, such as dialogue, pacing, description, reflection, and multiple plot lines, to develop experiences, events, and/or characters.</li><li>Use and evaluate a variety of techniques to sequence events so that they build on one another to create a coherent whole and build toward a particular tone and outcome.</li><li>Use precise words and phrases, effective details, and sensory language to convey a vivid picture of the experiences events, setting, and/or characters.</li><li>Provide a conclusion that follows from and reflects on what is experienced, observed, or resolved over the course of the narrative.</li></ul>

Produce clear and coherent writing in which the development, organization, and style are appropriate to task, purpose, and audience.

Develop and strengthen writing as needed by planning, revising, trying a new approach, or editing, demonstrating a command of Language standards up to and including grade 12 and focusing on addressing what is most significant for a specific purpose and audience.

Use technology to produce, publish, and update individual or shared writing products in response to ongoing feedback, including new arguments or information.

Conduct sustained research projects to answer a question, including a self-generated question, or solve a problem; narrow or broaden the inquiry when appropriate; synthesize multiple sources on the subject, demonstrating understanding of the subject under investigation.

Gather and synthesize relevant information from multiple authoritative print and digital sources, using advanced searches effectively; assess the strengths and limitations of each source in terms of the task, purpose, and audience; integrate information into the text selectively to maintain the flow of ideas, avoiding plagiarism and overreliance on any one source and following a standard format for citation (MLA or APA).

Draw evidence from literary or informational texts and apply grade-level Reading standards to support analysis, reflection, and research.

Write routinely over extended time frames for research, reflection, and/or revision and shorter time frames for a range of tasks, purposes, and audiences.

Initiate and effectively participate in a range of collaborative discussions with diverse partners including one-on-one, small groups-, and teacher-led on grade 12 topics, texts, and issues, building on others' ideas and expressing ideas clearly and persuasively.

Come to discussions prepared, having read and researched material under study; explicitly draw on that preparation by referring to evidence from texts and other research on the topic or issue to stimulate a thoughtful, well-reasoned exchange of ideas.

Work with peers to promote civil, democratic discussions and decision-making; set clear goals and deadlines; establish norms and experience various individual roles.

Propel conversations by posing and responding to questions that probe reasoning and evidence; ensure a hearing for a full range of positions on a topic or issue; clarify, verify, or challenge ideas and conclusions; and promote divergent and creative perspectives.

Respond thoughtfully to diverse perspectives; synthesize and evaluate comments, claims, and evidence made on all sides of an issue; resolve contradictions when possible; and determine what additional information or research is required to deepen the investigation or complete the task.

Integrate multiple sources of information presented in diverse formats and media in order to make informed decisions and solve problems, evaluating the credibility and accuracy of each source and analyzing any discrepancies among the data.

Evaluate a speaker's point of view, reasoning, and uses of evidence and rhetoric , in order to assess the stance, premises, links among ideas, word choice, points of emphasis, and tone used among multiple speakers.

Present information, findings, and supporting evidence, conveying a clear and distinct perspective, such that listeners can follow the line of reasoning; address alternative or opposing perspectives and determine if the organization, development, substance, and style are appropriate to purpose, audience and a range of formal and informal tasks.

Make strategic and engaging use of digital media in presentations to enhance understanding of findings, reasoning, and evidence and to add interest.

Adapt speech to a variety of contexts and tasks, demonstrating command of Language standards up to and including grade 12 as well as formal English, when indicated or appropriate.

Demonstrate command of the conventions of Standard English grammar and usage when writing or speaking.

Apply the understanding that usage is a matter of convention, can change over time, and is sometimes contested.

Resolve issues of complex or contested usage, consulting references as needed.

Demonstrate command of the conventions of Standard English capitalization, punctuation, and spelling when writing.

Observe hyphenation conventions.

Spell correctly, consulting reference materials as needed.

Apply knowledge of language to understand how language functions in different contexts, to make effective choices for meaning or style, and to comprehend more fully when reading or listening.

Vary syntax for effect, consulting references for guidance as needed; apply an understanding of syntax to the study of complex texts when reading.

Determine or clarify the meaning of unknown and multiple-meaning words and phrases based on grade 12 reading and content, choosing flexibly from a range of strategies.

Use context as a clue to the meaning of a word or phrase.

Identify and correctly use patterns of word changes that indicate different meanings or parts of speech.

Consult general and specialized reference materials, both print and digital, to find the pronunciation of a word or determine or clarify its precise meaning, part of speech, etymology, or standard usage.

Verify the initial determination of the meaning of a word or phrase.

Demonstrate understanding of figurative language, word relationships, and nuances in word meanings.

Interpret figures of speech in context and analyze their role in the text.

Analyze nuances in the meaning of words with similar denotations.

Acquire and accurately use general academic and domain-specific words and phrases, sufficient for reading, writing, speaking, and listening at the college- and career- readiness level; demonstrate independence in gathering vocabulary knowledge when considering a word or phrase important to comprehension or expression.

Cite strong and thorough textual evidence to support analysis of what the literary text says explicitly as well as inferences drawn from the text, including determining where the literary text leaves matters uncertain.

Determine two or more themes or central ideas of a literary text and analyze their development over the course of the text, including how they interact and build on one another to produce a complex account; provide an objective summary of the literary text.

Analyze the impact of the author's choices regarding how to develop and relate elements of a story or drama.

Cite strong and thorough textual evidence to support analysis of what the informational text says explicitly as well as inferences drawn from the text, including determining where the informational text leaves matters uncertain.

Determine two or more central ideas of an informational text and analyze their development over the course of the text, including how they interact and build on one another to provide a complex analysis; provide an objective summary of the informational text.

Analyze a complex set of ideas or sequence of events and explain how specific individuals, ideas, or events interact and develop over the course of the informational text and media .

Determine the meaning of words and phrases as they are used in a variety of literary texts, including figurative and connotative meanings; analyze the impact of specific word choices on meaning and tone, including words with multiple meanings or language that is particularly fresh, engaging, or beautiful.

Analyze how an author's choices concerning how to structure specific parts of a literary text contribute to its overall structure and meaning as well as its aesthetic impact.

Determine the meaning of words and phrases as they am used in an informational text, including figurative, connotative, and technical meanings; analyze how an author uses and refines the meaning of a key term or terms over the course of a text.

In informational text, analyze and evaluate the effectiveness of the structure an author uses in his or her exposition or argument, including whether the structure makes points clear, convincing, and engaging.

Determine an author's point of view or purpose in an informational text in which the rhetoric is particularly effective, analyzing how style and content contribute to the power, persuasiveness or beauty of the text.

Integrate and evaluate multiple sources of information presented in different media or formats as well as in words in order to address a question or solve a problem.

By the end of grade 12, read and comprehend literary texts of appropriate text complexity for grade 12 independently and proficiently.

By the end of grade 12, read and comprehend informational texts of appropriate text complexity for grade 12 independently and proficiently.

Write arguments to support claims in an analysis of substantive topics or texts, using valid reasoning and relevant and sufficient evidence.<ul><li>Introduce precise, knowledgeable claims(s); establish the significance of the claim(s); distinguish the claim(s) from alternate or opposing claim(s); and create an organization that logically sequences claim(s), counterclaims, reasons, and evidence.</li><li>Develop claim(s) and counterclaims fairly and thoroughly, supplying the most relevant evidence for each while pointing out the strengths and limitations of both in a manner that anticipates the audience's knowledge level, concerns, values and possible biases.</li></ul>

Write informative/explanatory texts to examine and convey complex ideas, concepts, and information clearly and accurately through the effective selection, organization, and analysis of content.<ul><li>Introduce a topic; organize complex ideas, concepts, and information so that each new element builds on that which precedes it to create a unified whole; include formatting, graphics, and multimedia when useful to aid comprehension.</li><li>Develop the topic thoroughly by selecting the most significant and relevant facts, extended definitions, concrete details, quotations, or other information and examples appropriate to the audience's knowledge of the topic.</li><li>Use appropriate and varied transitions and syntax to link the major sections of the text, create cohesion, and clarify the relationships among complex ideas and concepts.</li><li>Use precise language, domain-specific vocabulary, and techniques such as metaphor, simile, and analogy to manage the complexity of the topic.</li><li>Establish and maintain a formal style and objective tone while attending to the norms and conventions of the discipline.</li><li>Provide a concluding statement or section that follows from and supports the information or explanation presented.</li></ul>

Write narratives to develop real or imagined experiences or events using effective technique, well-chosen details, and well-structured event sequences.<ul><li>Engage and orient the reader by setting out a problem, situation, or observation and its significance, establishing one or multiple point(s) of view, and introducing a narrator and/or characters; create a smooth progression of experiences or events.</li><li>Use narrative techniques, such as dialogue, pacing, description, reflection, and multiple plot lines, to develop experiences, events, and/or characters.</li><li>Use a variety of techniques to sequence events so that they build on one another to create a coherent whole and build toward a particular tone and outcome.</li><li>Use precise words and phrases, effective details, and sensory language to convey a vivid picture of the experiences, events, setting, and/or characters.</li><li>Provide a conclusion that follows from and reflects on what is experienced, observed, or resolved over the course of the narrative.</li></ul>

Produce clear and coherent writing in which the development, organization, and style are appropriate to task, purpose, and audience.

Develop and strengthen writing as needed by planning, revising, editing, or trying a new approach, focusing on addressing what is most significant for a specific purpose and audience.

Conduct short as well as more sustained research projects to answer a question including a self-generated question, or solve a problem; narrow or broaden the inquiry when appropriate; synthesize multiple sources on the subject, demonstrating understanding of the subject under investigation.

Gather relevant information from multiple authoritative print and digital sources, using advanced searches effectively; assess the strengths and limitations of each source in terms of the task, purpose, and audience; integrate information into the text selectively to maintain the flow of ideas, avoiding plagiarism and overreliance on any one source and following a standard format for citation.

Draw evidence from literary or informational texts and apply grade Reading standards to support analysis, reflection, and research.

Write routinely over extended time frames for research, reflection, and/or revision and shorter time frames for a range of tasks, purposes, and audiences.

Initiate and effectively participate in a range of collaborative discussions with diverse partners including one-on-one, small groups, and teacher-led on grade 12 topics, texts, and issues, building on others' ideas and expressing ideas clearly and persuasively.

Come to discussions prepared, having read and researched material under study; explicitly draw on that preparation by referring to evidence from texts and other research on the topic or issue to stimulate a thoughtful, well-reasoned exchange of ideas.

Work with peers to promote civil, democratic discussions and decision-making; set clear goals and deadlines, and establish individual roles as needed.

Propel conversations by posing and responding to questions that probe reasoning and evidence; ensure a hearing for a full range of positions on a topic or issue; clarify, verify, or challenge ideas and conclusions; and promote divergent and creative perspectives.

Respond thoughtfully to diverse perspectives; synthesize comments, claims, and evidence made on all sides of an issue; resolve contradictions when possible; and determine what additional information or research is required to deepen the investigation or complete the task.

Integrate multiple sources of information presented in diverse formats and media in order to make informed decisions and solve problems, evaluating the credibility and accuracy of each source and noting any discrepancies among the data.

Evaluate a speaker's point of view, reasoning, and use of evidence and rhetoric, assessing the stance, premises, links among ideas, word choice, points of emphasis, and tone used.

Present information, findings, and supporting evidence, conveying a clear and distinct perspective, such that listeners can follow the line of reasoning; address alternative or opposing perspectives, and determine if the organization, development, substance, and style are appropriate to purpose, audience, and a range of formal and informal tasks.

Make strategic use of digital media in presentations to enhance understanding of findings, reasoning, and evidence and to add interest.

Adapt speech to a variety of contexts and tasks, demonstrating a command of Language Standards up to and including grade 12TR standards, as well as formal English when indicated or appropriate.

Demonstrate command of the conventions of Standard English grammar and usage when writing or speaking.<ul><li>Apply the understanding that usage is a matter of convention, can change over time and is sometimes contested.</li><li>Resolve issues of complex or contested usage, consulting references as needed.</li></ul>

Apply knowledge of language to understand how language functions in different contexts, to make effective choices for meaning or style and to comprehend more fully when reading or listening.<ul><li>Vary syntax for effect, consulting references for guidance as needed; apply an understanding of syntax to the study of complex texts when reading.</li></ul>

Determine or clarify the meaning of unknown and multiple-meaning words and phrases based on grade 12 reading and content, choosing flexibly from a range of strategies.

Use context as a clue to the meaning of a word or phrase.

Identify and correctly use patterns of word changes that indicate different meanings or parts of speech.

Consult general and specialized reference materials, both print and digital, to find the pronunciation of a word or determine or clarify its precise meaning, part of speech, etymology or standard usage.

Verify the initial determination of the meaning of a word or phrase.

Acquire and accurately use general academic and domain-specific words and phrases, sufficient for reading, writing, speaking and listening at the college- and career-readiness level; demonstrate independence in gathering vocabulary knowledge when considering a word or phrase important to comprehension or expression.